Umunsi w’umubu ku isi

Tariki ya 20 Kanama ni umunsi w’umubu ku isi, umunsi wo kwibutsa abantu ko imibu ari imwe mu ngingo nyamukuru zanduza indwara.

Ku ya 20 Kanama 1897, umuhanga mu binyabuzima w’umwongereza akaba n’umuganga Ronald Ross (1857-1932) yavumbuye muri laboratoire ye ko imibu ari yo virusi ya malariya, maze agaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda malariya: wirinde kurumwa n’umubu.Kuva icyo gihe, umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umubu wizihizwa ku ya 20 Kanama buri mwaka hagamijwe gukangurira abaturage kumenya malariya n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’umubu.

Ni izihe ndwara nyamukuru zandura ziterwa no kurumwa n'umubu?

01 Malariya

Malariya ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko iterwa no kwandura malariya yatewe no kurumwa n'umubu wa Anopheles cyangwa binyuze mu guterwa amaraso y'umutwara wa malariya.Indwara igaragarira cyane cyane mubitero bisanzwe, umubiri wose urakonja, umuriro, hyperhidrosis, ibitero byigihe kirekire, birashobora gutera amaraso make no kwaguka.

Ikwirakwizwa rya malariya ku isi rikomeje kuba ryinshi, aho hafi 40 ku ijana by'abatuye isi baba mu turere twa malariya.Malariya ikomeje kuba indwara zikomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 500 baba mu turere tw’indwara ya malariya, 90 ku ijana muri bo ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi abantu barenga miliyoni 2 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara buri mwaka.Aziya y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo na yo ni uduce twanduye malariya.Malariya iracyafite icyorezo muri Amerika yo Hagati no mu majyepfo.

Intangiriro kuri Malariya Ikizamini cyihuse ：

Malariya Pf Ikizamini cyihuse ni chromatografiya ikingira immunoassay ikoreshwa mugutahura neza poroteyine yihariye ya Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), proteine ​​ikungahaye kuri histidine II (pHRP-II), mubisubizo byamaraso yabantu.Igikoresho kigenewe gukoreshwa nk'ikizamini cyo gusuzuma no nk'umugereka wo gusuzuma indwara ya plasmodium.Icyitegererezo icyo aricyo cyose gipimwa vuba ukoresheje Malariya Pf Antigen igomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo kwipimisha hamwe nubuvuzi.

Malariya yihuta yipimisha:

02 Filariyasi

Filariasis ni indwara ya parasitike iterwa na filariasis yangiza umubiri wa lymphatic tissue, tissue subcutaneous tissue cyangwa serous cavity.Muri byo, filariyasi ya Malayika, Bancroft filariasis na lymphatic filariasis bifitanye isano rya hafi n imibu.Indwara yanduzwa n'udukoko twonsa amaraso.Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya filariyasi biratandukanye ukurikije aho filariyasi iherereye.Icyiciro cya mbere ni lymphangitis na lymphadenitis, naho icyiciro cyatinze ni urukurikirane rwibimenyetso nibimenyetso biterwa no guhagarika lymphatique.Ikizamini cyihuse gishingiye cyane cyane ku kumenya microfilariya mu maraso cyangwa mu ruhu.Isuzuma rya serologiya: gutahura antibodies za filariya na antigene muri serumu.

Intangiriro yikizamini cyihuse:

Ikizamini cya Filarial Rapid kwisuzumisha ni ikizamini gishingiye ku ihame rya immunochromatografiya ishobora gusuzuma indwara yanduye mu minota 10 ukoresheje antibodi cyangwa antigene zihariye mu cyitegererezo cyamaraso.Ugereranije na microscopi ya microfilariya gakondo, gutahura vuba filariya bifite ibyiza bikurikira:

1. Ntabwo igarukira kumwanya wo gukusanya amaraso, kandi irashobora gupimwa umwanya uwariwo wose, bitabaye ngombwa gukusanya amaraso nijoro.

2. Ntukeneye ibikoresho bigoye hamwe nabakozi babigize umwuga, kereka amaraso mumakarita yikizamini, hanyuma urebe niba hari ibara ryamabara yo gusuzuma ibisubizo.

3. Hatabangamiwe nizindi ndwara zanduye, irashobora gutandukanya neza ubwoko butandukanye bwubwandu bwa filariyale, ikanagenzura urwego nicyiciro cyanduye.

4. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima no kugenzura ubwinshi bwabantu, ndetse no gusuzuma ingaruka za chimiotherapie ikumira.

Filariasis ibicuruzwa byipimisha byihuse bisabwa:

03 Indwara

Indwara ya Dengue ni indwara yandura iterwa n'udukoko twatewe na virusi ya Dengue kandi yanduzwa no kurumwa n'umubu wa Aedes.Indwara yandura yiganje cyane mu turere dushyuha no mu turere dushyuha, cyane cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu karere ka pasifika y'iburengerazuba, Amerika, mu burasirazuba bwa Mediterane na Afurika.

Ibimenyetso nyamukuru byindwara ya dengue ni umuriro mwinshi utunguranye, "ububabare butatu" (kubabara umutwe, kubabara amaso, imitsi rusange hamwe nububabare bwamagufwa), "syndrome yumutuku itatu" (guhindagurika mumaso, ijosi nigituza), no guhubuka (guhubuka cyangwa ibibyimba biva kumaraso kuruhande no mumutwe cyangwa mumutwe no mumaso).Urubuga rwa interineti rwo muri Amerika rushinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC) ruvuga ruti: “Virusi ya dengue na virusi itera COVID-19 birashobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo hakiri kare.”

Indwara ya Dengue ibaho mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cyizuba, kandi muri rusange ikunze kugaragara kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza mu Gushyingo mu gice cy’amajyaruguru buri mwaka, aricyo gihe cy’imyororokere ya Aedes.Nyamara, mu myaka yashize, ubushyuhe bw’isi bwateje ibihugu byinshi byo mu turere dushyuha no mu turere dushyuha kugira ibyago byo kwandura virusi ya dengue hakiri kare kandi yagutse.

Intangiriro kuri Dengue ikizamini cyihuse:

Dengue IgG / IgM Rapid assay is a side-flow chromatography immunoassay ikoreshwa mugutahura neza virusi ya dengue IgG / IgM antibodies muri serumu yumuntu, plasma, cyangwa mumaraso yose.

Ibikoresho by'ibizamini

1. Uburyo bwo kwipimisha no gusobanura ibyavuye mu bizamini bigomba gukurikiranirwa hafi mugihe cyo gupima buri muntu ku giti cye niba hari antibodies zanduza virusi ya dengue muri serumu, plasma cyangwa amaraso yose.Kudakurikiza iyi nzira birashobora gutanga ibisubizo bidahwitse.

2. Kumenya vuba dengue IgG / IgM bigarukira gusa ku kumenya neza antibodi ya virusi ya dengue muri serumu yumuntu, plasma cyangwa amaraso yose.Nta sano riri hagati yimbaraga zitsinda ryipimisha na antibody titer murugero.

3. Ikizamini cyihuta cya dengue IgG / IgM ntishobora gukoreshwa mugutandukanya indwara zambere nizisumbuye.Ikizamini ntabwo gitanga amakuru kuri serotype ya dengue.

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5. Ibisubizo bibi cyangwa bidakorwa mubisobanuro byihariye byerekana ko nta antibodi ya virusi ya dengue igaragara.Nyamara, ibisubizo bibi cyangwa bidasubirwaho ibisubizo ntibisobanura ko bishoboka kwandura cyangwa kwandura virusi ya dengue.

6. Niba umubare wa antibodiyite ya virusi ya dengue igaragara murugero uri munsi yumurongo wo gutahura, cyangwa niba nta antibodiyite zishobora kuboneka mugihe cyindwara yakusanyirijwemo, hashobora kubaho ingaruka mbi cyangwa idakorwa.Kubwibyo, niba ivuriro ryerekana cyane ko ryanduye cyangwa ryanduye, birasabwa gukurikiranwa cyangwa ibizamini bisimburana, nkibizamini bya antigen cyangwa uburyo bwo gupima PCR.

7. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje, nubwo ibisubizo bibi cyangwa bidashubijwe bivuye mu kizamini cya IgG / IgM cyihuse cya dengue, birasabwa ko umurwayi yakongera kubaho nyuma yiminsi mike cyangwa akageragezwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo gupima.

8. Ingero zimwe zirimo titereri zidasanzwe zidasanzwe za antibodiyite ya heterophile cyangwa ibintu bya rubagimpande bishobora kugira ingaruka kubisubizo byateganijwe.

9. Ibisubizo byabonetse muri uru rubanza birashobora gusobanurwa gusa hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma no kuvura.

Dengue ibicuruzwa byipimishije byihuse bisabwa:

Gukoreshaubwato-bio ibizamini byo gusuzuma byihuseIrashobora kunoza imikorere yo gusuzuma no kumenya neza, ifasha mugutahura no kuvura mugihe cyanduye abantu banduye, kugirango barinde kandi bakureho izo ndwara zangiza parasitike.

ubwato bwihuta bwibicuruzwa byifashishwa mu gupima byihuse kandi neza.