Virusi ya Monkeypox ni virusi iterwa na virusi ya monkeypox (MPXV).Iyi virusi ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane no guhura nibintu byanduye no kwanduza ubuhumekero.Virusi ya Monkeypox irashobora gutera abantu kwandura, iyi ikaba ari indwara idasanzwe yanduye cyane muri Afurika.Hano hari amakuru menshi yerekeye virusi ya monkeypox.
Indwara ya Monkeypox mu bihugu bitandukanye ：
Ibiro bihuriweho na ECDC-OMS Ibiro by'akarere k'Uburayi Itangazo ryo kugenzura Mpox (europa.eu)
Incamake yo kugenzura
Abantu 25.935 banduye indwara ya mpox (yahoze yitwa monkeypox) bamenyekanye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa IHR, amasoko rusange ndetse na TESSy kugeza ku ya 06 Nyakanga 2023, 14h00, baturutse mu bihugu 45 n'uturere twose two mu karere k'Uburayi.Mu byumweru 4 bishize, hagaragaye indwara 30 za mpox mu bihugu 8 no mu turere.
Amakuru ashingiye ku manza yavuzwe ku bantu 25.824 baturutse mu bihugu 41 no mu turere twa ECDC ndetse n’ibiro bya OMS mu karere k’Uburayi binyuze muri gahunda y’uburayi ishinzwe kugenzura (TESSy), kugeza ku ya 06 Nyakanga 2023, 10:00.
Mu manza 25.824 zavuzwe muri TESSy, 25,646 ni laboratoire yemejwe.Byongeye kandi, aho urukurikirane rwabonetse, 489 hemejwe ko ari urwa Clade II, ahahoze hitwa clade yo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba.Urubanza rwa mbere ruzwi rufite itariki ntangarugero yo ku ya 07 Werurwe 2022 kandi rwamenyekanye hifashishijwe ibizamini bisubirwamo by'icyitegererezo gisigaye.Itariki ya mbere y'ibimenyetso yatangiriyeho yavuzwe ku ya 17 Mata 2022.
Umubare munini wimanza wari hagati yimyaka 31 na 40 (10.167 / 25,794 - 39%) numugabo (25,327 / 25,761 - 98%).Mu manza 11.317 z'abagabo bafite icyerekezo cyerekeranye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina, 96% biyita ko ari abagabo baryamana n'abagabo.Mu banduye virusi itera SIDA, 38% (4,064 / 10,675) banduye virusi itera SIDA.Umubare munini w'abantu bagaragaje uburibwe (15,358 / 16,087 - 96%) n'ibimenyetso bya sisitemu nka umuriro, umunaniro, kubabara imitsi, gukonja, cyangwa kubabara umutwe (10,921 / 16,087 - 68%).Hari abantu 789 bari mu bitaro (6%), muri bo 275 basaba ubuvuzi.Imanza umunani zakiriwe muri ICU, naho abantu barindwi ba mpox bapfuye.
Kugeza ubu, OMS na ECDC bamenyeshejwe ibibazo bitanu byerekana akazi.Mu bihe bine byagaragaye ku kazi, abashinzwe ubuzima bari bambaye ibikoresho byabashinzwe kurinda umuntu ariko bahura n’amazi yo mu mubiri igihe bakusanyaga ingero.Urubanza rwa gatanu ntabwo rwari rwambaye ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu.Ubuyobozi bw'agateganyo bwa OMS ku micungire y’amavuriro no gukumira no kwandura indwara ya mpox buracyafite agaciro kandi buraboneka kuri https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355798.
Incamake yimibare yindwara ya mpox yamenyekanye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa IHR n’amasoko rusange kandi ikamenyeshwa TESSy, mu karere k’Uburayi, 2022–2023
Ibihugu n'uturere dutangaza ibibazo bishya mubyumweru 4 bishize ISO byerekanwe mubururu.
Inshamake yerekana ibyerekeranye nigitsina hagati yabagabo banduye mpox, Akarere k'Uburayi, TESSy, 2022–2023
Icyerekezo cyimibonano mpuzabitsina muri TESSy gisobanurwa ukurikije ibyiciro bikurikira bidahuje:
- Heterosexual
- MSM = MSM / homo cyangwa igitsina gabo
- Abagore baryamana n'abagore
- Ibitsina byombi
- Ibindi
- Ntazwi cyangwa utamenyekanye
Icyerekezo cyimibonano mpuzabitsina ntabwo byanze bikunze byerekana igitsina cyumuntu urubanza rwaryamanye muminsi 21 ishize cyangwa ntibisobanura guhuza ibitsina no kwandura.
Turavuga muri make hano icyerekezo cyimibonano mpuzabitsina imanza zabagabo zagaragaye.
Ikwirakwizwa
Kwanduza umuntu ku muntu kwandura indwara bishobora kubaho binyuze mu guhura bitaziguye n'uruhu rwanduye cyangwa ibindi bikomere nko mu kanwa cyangwa ku gitsina;ibi birimo guhuza aribyo
- imbonankubone (kuvuga cyangwa guhumeka)
- uruhu-ku-ruhu (gukoraho cyangwa ibyara / igitsina anal)
- umunwa ku munwa (gusomana)
- guhuza umunwa kuruhu (guhuza umunwa cyangwa gusomana uruhu)
- ibitonyanga byubuhumekero cyangwa intera ngufi ya aerosole kuva igihe kirekire
Virusi noneho yinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu ruhu rwacitse, hejuru ya mucosal (urugero: umunwa, pharyngeal, ocular, imyanya ndangagitsina, anorectal), cyangwa binyuze mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.Indwara irashobora gukwirakwira ku bandi bagize urugo no ku bahuje igitsina.Abantu bafite imibonano mpuzabitsina benshi bafite ibyago byinshi.
Amatungo yanduza abantu indwara ya mpox abaho kuva ku nyamaswa zanduye ku bantu kuva kurumwa cyangwa kurigata, cyangwa mugihe cyibikorwa nko guhiga, uruhu, gufata, guteka, gukina imirambo, cyangwa kurya inyamaswa.Ingano ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mu baturage b’inyamaswa ntabwo izwi rwose kandi ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje.
Abantu barashobora kwandura mpox mubintu byanduye nk'imyenda cyangwa imyenda, binyuze mu gukomeretsa bikabije mu buvuzi, cyangwa mu baturage nko muri salle ya tattoo.
Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso
Indwara ya Mpox itera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bitangira mugihe cyicyumweru ariko birashobora gutangira iminsi 1-21 nyuma yo guhura.Ibimenyetso mubisanzwe bimara ibyumweru 2-4 ariko birashobora kumara igihe kinini kumuntu ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya mpox ni:
- guhubuka
- umuriro
- kubabara mu muhogo
- kubabara umutwe
- kubabara imitsi
- kubabara umugongo
- ingufu nke
- kubyimba lymph node.
Kubantu bamwe, ibimenyetso byambere bya mpox ni guhubuka, mugihe abandi bashobora kubanza kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye.
Igisebe gitangira nkigisebe kibyara gikura kikaba cyuzuyemo amazi kandi gishobora kubabara cyangwa kubabaza.Iyo ibisebe bikize, ibisebe byumye, bikarenga bikagwa.
Abantu bamwe barashobora kugira ibikomere bimwe cyangwa bike kuruhu abandi bafite amagana cyangwa arenga.Ibi birashobora kugaragara ahantu hose kumubiri nka:
- imikindo y'intoki n'ibirenge
- mu maso, mu kanwa no mu muhogo
- igituba nigitsina
- anus.
Abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite kubyimba ububabare bwurukiramende cyangwa ububabare ningorabahizi mugihe cyo kwishisha.
Abantu barwaye mpox baranduye kandi barashobora kwanduza abandi indwara kugeza ibisebe byose byakize kandi hashyizweho urwego rushya rwuruhu.
Abana, abantu batwite hamwe nabafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bafite ibyago byo guhura na mpox.
Mubisanzwe kuri mpox, umuriro, kubabara imitsi no kubabara mu muhogo bigaragara mbere.Indwara ya mpox itangirira mumaso kandi ikwirakwira hejuru yumubiri, ikagera ku biganza byamaboko no ku birenge kandi ikagenda ihinduka ibyumweru 2-4 mubyiciro - macules, papula, viticles, pustules.Ibibyimba byibira hagati mbere yo guhonda.Ibisebe noneho bigwa.Lymphadenopathie (kubyimba lymph node) ni ibintu bisanzwe biranga mpox.Abantu bamwe barashobora kwandura nta bimenyetso bagaragaza.
Mu rwego rwo kwandura isi yose ya mpox yatangiye mu 2022 (iterwa ahanini na virusi ya Clade IIb), indwara itangira ukundi mu bantu bamwe.Mugihe kirenze kimwe cya kabiri cyibibazo, guhubuka bishobora kugaragara mbere cyangwa mugihe kimwe nibindi bimenyetso kandi ntabwo buri gihe bitera imbere kumubiri.Igisebe cya mbere gishobora kuba mu kibero, anus, cyangwa mu kanwa cyangwa hafi yacyo.
Abantu barwaye mpox barashobora kurwara cyane.Kurugero, uruhu rushobora kwandura bagiteri zitera ibisebe cyangwa kwangirika kwuruhu.Izindi ngorane zirimo umusonga, kwandura corneal no kutabona neza;ububabare cyangwa ingorane zo kumira, kuruka no gucibwamo bitera umwuma mwinshi cyangwa imirire mibi;sepsis (kwanduza amaraso hamwe nigisubizo gikabije cyo gutwika umubiri), gutwika ubwonko (encephalitis), umutima (myocarditis), rectum (proctitis), imyanya ndangagitsina (balanitis) cyangwa inzira yinkari (urethritis), cyangwa urupfu.Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kubera imiti cyangwa ubuvuzi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara bikomeye no gupfa bitewe na mpox.Abantu babana na virusi itera sida batagenzuwe neza cyangwa bavurwa kenshi barwara indwara zikomeye.
Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina
Indwara zandura
Virusi y'inguge
Gusuzuma
Kumenya mpox birashobora kugorana kuko izindi ndwara nindwara zirasa.Ni ngombwa gutandukanya indwara y'ibihara n'indwara y'ibihara, iseru, indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, ibisebe, herpes, sifilis, izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, na allergie ziterwa n'imiti.
Umuntu ufite mpox ashobora no kugira indi ndwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nka herpes.Ubundi, umwana ukekwaho mpox ashobora no kugira inkoko.Kubera izo mpamvu, kwipimisha ni urufunguzo rwabantu kugirango bavurwe hakiri kare kandi birinde gukumira.
Kumenya ADN ya virusi na polymerase urunigi (PCR) nikizamini cya laboratoire kuri mpox.Ingero nziza zo kwisuzumisha zikurwa muburyo butaziguye - uruhu, amazi cyangwa igikonjo - byakusanyirijwe hamwe no guswera cyane.Mugihe habuze ibikomere byuruhu, kwipimisha birashobora gukorwa kuri oropharyngeal, anal cyangwa rectal swabs.Gupima amaraso ntabwo byemewe.Uburyo bwo kumenya antibodi ntibushobora kuba ingirakamaro kuko budatandukanya orthopoxvirus zitandukanye.
Ikizamini cya Monkeypox Virus Antigen Rapid Test Kit cyateguwe cyane cyane muri vitro yo kumenya virusi ya monkeypox antigen mu byitegererezo by’imitsi ya faryngeal kandi igenewe gukoreshwa gusa.Iki gipimo cyipimisha gikoresha ihame rya immunochromatografi ya zahabu ya colloidal, aho agace kerekana agace ka nitrocellulose membrane (T umurongo) kashyizwe hamwe nimbeba anti-monkeypox virusi monoclonal antibody 2 (MPV-Ab2), hamwe nakarere kagenzura ubuziranenge (C-umurongo) isize ihene irwanya imbeba IgG polyclonal antibody na zahabu ya colloidal yanditseho imbeba anti-monkeypox virusi monoclonal antibody 1 (MPV-Ab1) kuri padi yanditseho zahabu.
Mugihe c'ikizamini, mugihe hagaragaye icyitegererezo, virusi ya Monkeypox Virus Antigen (MPV-Ag) muricyitegererezo ikomatanya na zahabu ya colloidal (Au) yanditsweho imbeba anti-monkeypox virusi monoclonal antibody 1 kugirango ikore virusi (Au-Mouse anti-monkeypox antibody ya monoclonal 1- [MPV-Ag]) urwego rwumubiri, rutembera imbere muri nitrocellulose.Ihita ihuza na virusi irwanya monkeypox virusi ya monoclonal antibody 2 kugirango ikore agglutination “(Au MPV-Ab1-
Ibisigisigi bya zahabu bisigaye byanditseho Mouse anti-monkeypox virusi monoclonal antibody 1 ihuza na ihene irwanya imbeba IgG polyclone antibody yometse kumurongo ugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango ikore agglutination kandi itezimbere ibara.Niba icyitegererezo kitarimo virusi ya Monkeypox Virus, agace kamenyekana ntigashobora gukora urwego rwumubiri, kandi agace konyine kagenzura ubuziranenge kazakora urwego rwumubiri kandi rukiteza imbere.Iki gikoresho cyibizamini gikubiyemo amabwiriza arambuye kugirango abanyamwuga bashobore gukora neza kandi neza ikizamini kubarwayi mugihe cyiminota 15.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2023